Later record Ur III / Old Babylonian, c. 2100–1800 BC

A Sumerian composition blaming the fall of Akkad on Naram-Sin’s sacrilege against the temple of Enlil at Nippur.

Written after the collapse it explains, and it explains a political event theologically. Modern scholarship attributes the fall largely to drought and Gutian pressure. A document about why an empire ended is evidence for what its successors believed, not for why it ended.

Standing: Written well after the events, from tradition or earlier copies.